| Outage Type | Status | Type | Message | Status On | Details |
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| DATABASE FAILURE PREVENTION BEST PRACTICES | PASS | [Updated: 03/09/17]
Oracle database can be configured with best practices that are applicable to all Oracle databases, including single-instance, Oracle RAC databases, Oracle RAC One Node databases, and the primary and standby databases in Oracle Data Guard or Oracle GoldenGate configurations.
Key HA Benefits:
(1) Improved recoverability
(2) Improved stability
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| WARNING | SQL Check | Database Archivelog Mode should be set to ARCHIVELOG | All Databases |
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| COMPUTER FAILURE PREVENTION BEST PRACTICES | INFO | [Updated: 03/09/17]
Oracle RAC and Oracle Clusterware allow Oracle Database to run any packaged or custom application across a set of clustered servers. This capability provides server side high availability and scalability. If a clustered server fails, then Oracle Database continues running on the surviving servers. When more processing power is needed, you can add another server without interrupting access to data.
Oracle RAC and Oracle Clusterware supports rolling upgrade for most hardware and software changes excluding Oracle RDBMS patch sets and new database releases.
To achieve zero or near zero application downtime, integrated client failover best practices need to be incorporated which is covered in client failover operational best practices section of the MAA scorecard.
Key HA Benefits:
- Zero database downtime for node and instance failures. Application brownout can be zero or seconds compared to minutes and an hour with third party cold cluster failover solutions.
- Zero database and potentially zero application downtime for most planned maintenance activities involving operating system, database or Grid Infrastructure software changes.
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| WARNING | SQL Parameter Check | fast_start_mttr_target should be greater than or equal to 300. | All Instances |
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| DATA CORRUPTION PREVENTION BEST PRACTICES | PASS | [Updated: 03/09/17]
To achieve the most comprehensive data corruption prevention and detection , use Oracle Active Data Guard and configure DB_BLOCK_CHECKSUM,DB_LOST_WRITE_PROTECT and DB_BLOCK_CHECKING database initialization parameters on the primary database and all standby databases in a Data Guard environment. Workload specific testing is required to assess whether the performance overhead with especially DB_BLOCK_CHECKING is acceptable.
Using ASM, RMAN, Exadata Storage and Zero Data Loss Recovery Appliance (Recovery Appliance) provide additional data protection checks and repair for Oracle databases and backups.
Key HA Benefits
- Application downtime due to data corruptions can be reduced from hours and days to seconds to no downtime.
- Prevention, quick detection and fast repair of data block corruptions.
- With Active Data Guard, physical data block corruptions can be repaired automatically using current blocks from primary or standby databases.
- With ASM, Exadata Storage and Recovery Appliance, data corruptions can be detected in the background and in some cases repaired automatically.
- With DB_BLOCK_CHECKING=MED or FULL, logical data block corruptions can be detected and prevented on the primary or standby database.
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| FAIL | SQL Parameter Check | Database parameter DB_LOST_WRITE_PROTECT is not set to recommended value | All Instances |
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| FAIL | SQL Parameter Check | Database parameter DB_BLOCK_CHECKSUM is not set to recommended value | All Instances |
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| WARNING | OS Check | Database parameter DB_BLOCK_CHECKING on PRIMARY is NOT set to the recommended value. | All Database Servers |
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| LOGICAL CORRUPTION PREVENTION BEST PRACTICES | PASS | [Updated: 03/09/17]
Oracle Flashback Technology enables fast logical failure repair. Oracle recommends that you use automatic undo management with sufficient space to attain your desired undo retention guarantee, enable Oracle Flashback Database, and allocate sufficient space and I/O bandwidth in the fast recovery area. Application monitoring is required for early detection. Effective and fast repair comes from leveraging and rehearsing the most common application specific logical failures and using the different flashback features effectively (e.g flashback query, flashback version query, flashback transaction query, flashback transaction, flashback drop, flashback table, and flashback database, and 12.2 flashback pluggable database (PDB)).
Key HA Benefits:
- With application monitoring and rehearsed repair actions with flashback technologies, application downtime can reduce from hours and days to the time to detect the logical inconsistency.
- Fast repair for logical failures caused by malicious or accidental DML or DDL operations.
- Effect fast point-in-time repair at the appropriate level of granularity: transaction, table, pluggable database, or database.
Questions that need to be addressed by your application and operations team:
- Can your application or monitoring infrastructure detect logical inconsistencies?
- Is your operations team prepared to use various flashback technologies to repair quickly and efficiently?
- Is security practices enforced to prevent unauthorized privileges that can result logical inconsistencies?
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| FAIL | SQL Check | Flashback on PRIMARY is not configured | All Databases |
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| DATABASE/CLUSTER/SITE FAILURE PREVENTION BEST PRACTICES | INFO | [Updated: 03/09/17]
Active Data Guard is the real-time data protection and availability solution that eliminates single point of failure by maintaining one or more synchronized physical replicas of the production database. If an unplanned outage of any kind impacts the production database, applications and users can quickly failover to a synchronized standby, minimizing downtime and preventing data loss. An Active Data Guard standby can be used to offload read-only applications, ad-hoc queries, and backups from the primary database or be dual-purposed as a test system at the same time it provides disaster protection. An Active Data Guard standby can also be used to minimize downtime for planned maintenance when upgrading to new Oracle Database patch sets and major database releases and for select migrations.
For zero data loss protection and fastest recovery time, deploy a local Data Guard standby database with Data Guard Fast-Start Failover and integrated client failover. For protection against outages impacting the entire data center, or a broad geography, deploy a Data Guard standby database at a remote location. Oracle 12c Far Sync Standby can achieve zero data loss protection across Wide Area Network or across regions.
Key HA Benefits:
- Active Data Guard provides optimal data protection by using physical replication and comprehensive Oracle validation to maintain an exact byte-for-byte copy of the primary database that can be open read-only to offload reporting, ad-hoc queries and backups.
- With Oracle 11g release 2 and higher Active Data Guard and real time apply, data block corruptions can be repaired automatically and downtime can be reduced from hours and days of application impact to zero downtime with zero data loss.
- With MAA best practices, Data Guard Fast-Start Failover and integrated client failover, downtime from database, cluster and site failures can be reduced from hours to days to seconds.
- With remote standby database (Disaster Recovery Site), you have protection from complete site failures.
- In all cases, the Active Data Guard instances can be active and used for other activities.
- Data Guard can reduce risks and downtime for planned maintenance activities by using Database rolling upgrade with transient logical standby or DBMS rolling, standby-first patch apply and database migrations.
- For other advanced replication requirements where read-write access to a replica database is required while it is being synchronized with the primary database see Oracle GoldenGate logical replication. Oracle GoldenGate can be used to support heterogeneous database platforms and database releases, an effective read-write full or subset logical replica and to reduce or eliminate downtime for application, database or system changes. Oracle GoldenGate flexible logical replication solution's main trade-off is the additional administration for application developer and database administrators.
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| FAIL | SQL Check | Primary database is not protected with Data Guard (standby database) for real-time data protection and availability | All Databases |
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| CLIENT FAILOVER OPERATIONAL BEST PRACTICES | PASS | [Updated: 03/09/17]
A highly available architecture requires the ability of the application tier to transparently fail over to a surviving instance or database advertising the required service. This ensures that applications are generally available or minimally impacted in the event of node failure, instance failure, or database failures.
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| WARNING | OS Check | Non-default database Services are not configured | All Database Servers |
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| WARNING | SQL Check | RMAN controlfile autobackup should be set to ON | All Databases |
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| ORACLE GOLDENGATE FAILURE PREVENTION BEST PRACTICES | INFO | [Updated: 03/09/17]
Oracle GoldenGate is Oracle's strategic logical replication solution for data distribution and data integration. Unlike replication solutions from other vendors, Oracle GoldenGate is more closely integrated with Oracle Database while also providing an open, modular architecture ideal for replication across heterogeneous database management systems. This combination of attributes eliminates compromise, making Oracle GoldenGate the preferred replication solution for addressing requirements that span Oracle Database and non-Oracle Database environments.
Key HA Benefits:
- Potential zero or near zero application downtime for platform migration, database or application upgrades.
- Active/Active environment with the ability to update both databases. Conflict resolution techniques will need to be considered.
To achieve the highest levels of availability resulting in zero or near-zero downtime for both unplanned outages and all planned maintenance activities, customers use the combination of Oracle Active Data Guard and Oracle GoldenGate.
Oracle Active Data Guard and Oracle GoldenGate are essential components of the Gold and Platinum MAA tiers.
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| OPERATIONAL BEST PRACTICES | INFO | [Updated: 03/09/17]
Operational best practices are an essential prerequisite to high availability.
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| DATABASE CONSOLIDATION BEST PRACTICES | INFO | [Updated: 03/09/17]
Database consolidation requires additional planning and management to ensure HA requirements are met.
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