Wednesday, January 28, 2026

Resiliency Comparison: Single‑AZ vs Multi‑AZ vs Multi‑Region

 

CategorySingle‑AZMulti‑AZ (Single Region)Multi‑Region
Availability LevelLow – No AZ fault toleranceHigh – Survives AZ failureVery High – Survives region failure
Fault ToleranceInstance‑level onlyAZ‑level redundancyRegion‑level redundancy
Data ReplicationLocal or single‑nodeSynchronous across AZsAsynchronous or semi‑sync across regions
RPO (Recovery Point Objective)Minutes to hours (backup-based)Near‑zero (sync replication)Seconds to minutes (async replication)
RTO (Recovery Time Objective)Hours (manual recovery)Seconds to minutes (auto failover)Minutes to hours (regional failover)
Latency Between NodesLowest (same AZ)Low (high‑speed inter‑AZ network)Highest (cross‑region/geo latency)
Service Continuity During FailureOutage if AZ failsNo major impact – automatic AZ failoverContinues from secondary region after failover
Compliance & Data ResidencyBasicRegional compliance onlyFull geo‑compliance and DR support
CostLowestModerate (AZ redundancy)Highest (duplicate infra across regions)
Use CasesDev/Test, low‑critical appsBusiness‑critical workloads requiring HAMission‑critical systems requiring full DR
StrengthsSimple & cost‑effectiveHigh availability & zero data lossMaximum resilience & geography‑level protection
WeaknessesNo AZ/Region protectionNo region‑level DRExpensive and more operational complexity

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