ORACLE DATABASE PROBLEM AND SOLUTIONS

Saturday, May 24, 2025

How to take incremental backup of oracle database ?

RMAN> run {

2> allocate channel "ch1" device type disk format '/u01/app/oracle/%U';

3> backup as backupset tag 'BASE01' incremental level 0 database;

4> }

released channel: ORA_DISK_1

allocated channel: ch1

channel ch1: SID=281 device type=DISK

Starting backup at 24-MAY-25

channel ch1: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set

channel ch1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DB1/system01.dbf

input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DB1/sysaux01.dbf

input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DB1/undotbs01.dbf

input datafile file number=00007 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DB1/users01.dbf

channel ch1: starting piece 1 at 24-MAY-25

channel ch1: finished piece 1 at 24-MAY-25

piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/0l3q8raq_1_1 tag=BASE01 comment=NONE

channel ch1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25

channel ch1: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set

channel ch1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

input datafile file number=00010 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DB1/pdb/sysaux01.dbf

input datafile file number=00009 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DB1/pdb/system01.dbf

input datafile file number=00011 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DB1/pdb/undotbs01.dbf

input datafile file number=00012 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DB1/pdb/users01.dbf

channel ch1: starting piece 1 at 24-MAY-25

channel ch1: finished piece 1 at 24-MAY-25

piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/0m3q8rbj_1_1 tag=BASE01 comment=NONE

channel ch1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15

channel ch1: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set

channel ch1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

input datafile file number=00017 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/demo1/sysaux01.dbf

input datafile file number=00016 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/demo1/system01.dbf

input datafile file number=00018 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/demo1/undotbs01.dbf

channel ch1: starting piece 1 at 24-MAY-25

channel ch1: finished piece 1 at 24-MAY-25

piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/0n3q8rc2_1_1 tag=BASE01 comment=NONE

channel ch1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07

channel ch1: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set

channel ch1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

input datafile file number=00006 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DB1/pdbseed/sysaux01.dbf

input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DB1/pdbseed/system01.dbf

input datafile file number=00008 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DB1/pdbseed/undotbs01.dbf

channel ch1: starting piece 1 at 24-MAY-25

channel ch1: finished piece 1 at 24-MAY-25

piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/0o3q8rca_1_1 tag=BASE01 comment=NONE

channel ch1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15

Finished backup at 24-MAY-25

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 24-MAY-25

piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DB1/autobackup/2025_05_24/o1_mf_s_1201958297_n33krv6v_.bkp comment=NONE

Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 24-MAY-25

released channel: ch1

RMAN>

===============

RMAN>

RMAN> run {

2> allocate channel "ch1" device type disk format '/u01/app/oracle/%U';

3> backup tag 'incrementallv1' incremental level 1 database ;

4> }

allocated channel: ch1

channel ch1: SID=281 device type=DISK

Starting backup at 24-MAY-25

channel ch1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set

channel ch1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DB1/system01.dbf

input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DB1/sysaux01.dbf

input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DB1/undotbs01.dbf

input datafile file number=00007 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DB1/users01.dbf

channel ch1: starting piece 1 at 24-MAY-25

channel ch1: finished piece 1 at 24-MAY-25

piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/0q3q8rhm_1_1 tag=INCREMENTALLV1 comment=NONE

channel ch1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03

channel ch1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set

channel ch1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

input datafile file number=00010 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DB1/pdb/sysaux01.dbf

skipping datafile 00010 because it has not changed

input datafile file number=00009 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DB1/pdb/system01.dbf

skipping datafile 00009 because it has not changed

input datafile file number=00011 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DB1/pdb/undotbs01.dbf

skipping datafile 00011 because it has not changed

input datafile file number=00012 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DB1/pdb/users01.dbf

skipping datafile 00012 because it has not changed

channel ch1: backup cancelled because all files were skipped

channel ch1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set

channel ch1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

input datafile file number=00017 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/demo1/sysaux01.dbf

input datafile file number=00016 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/demo1/system01.dbf

input datafile file number=00018 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/demo1/undotbs01.dbf

channel ch1: starting piece 1 at 24-MAY-25

channel ch1: finished piece 1 at 24-MAY-25

piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/0s3q8rhq_1_1 tag=INCREMENTALLV1 comment=NONE

channel ch1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

channel ch1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set

channel ch1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

input datafile file number=00006 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DB1/pdbseed/sysaux01.dbf

skipping datafile 00006 because it has not changed

input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DB1/pdbseed/system01.dbf

skipping datafile 00005 because it has not changed

input datafile file number=00008 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DB1/pdbseed/undotbs01.dbf

skipping datafile 00008 because it has not changed

channel ch1: backup cancelled because all files were skipped

Finished backup at 24-MAY-25

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 24-MAY-25

piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DB1/autobackup/2025_05_24/o1_mf_s_1201958459_n33kxxp9_.bkp comment=NONE

Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 24-MAY-25

released channel: ch1

RMAN>

How to check and open pluggable database ?

SQL>

SQL> show pdbs

CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED

---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------

2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO

3 PDB MOUNTED

4 DEMO1 MOUNTED

SQL> alter pluggable database demo1 open read write ;

Pluggable database altered.

SQL> show pdbs

CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED

---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------

2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO

3 PDB MOUNTED

4 DEMO1 READ WRITE NO

SQL>

How to enable block change tracking in oracle database ?

[oracle@orcl 2025_05_21]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Sat May 24 13:01:35 2025

Version 19.3.0.0.0

Connected to:

Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production

Version 19.3.0.0.0

SQL>

SQL> SELECT status, filename FROM v$block_change_tracking;

STATUS FILENAME

---------- ------------------------------

DISABLED

SQL>

SQL> select filename form v$datafile;

select filename form v$datafile

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-00923: FROM keyword not found where expected

SQL> select name from v$datafile;

NAME

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DB1/system01.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DB1/sysaux01.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/demo1/undotbs01.dbf

14 rows selected.

SQL> alter database enable block change tracking using file '/u01/app/oracle/block_change_tracking.f';

Database altered.

SQL> select * from v$block_change_tracking ;

STATUS FILENAME BYTES CON_ID

---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------

ENABLED /u01/app/oracle/block_change_t 11599872 1

racking.f

SQL>

RMAN setting not able to change when connect with pluggable database

RMAN> show all;

RMAN configuration parameters for database with db_unique_name DB1 are:

CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 1; # default

CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION OFF; # default

CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK; # default

CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON; # default

CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '%F'; # default

CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 1 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET; # default

CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default

CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default

CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # default

CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE OFF; # default

CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES128'; # default

CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'BASIC' AS OF RELEASE 'DEFAULT' OPTIMIZE FOR LOAD TRUE ; # default

CONFIGURE RMAN OUTPUT TO KEEP FOR 7 DAYS; # default

CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO NONE; # default

CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1/dbs/snapcf_db1.f'; # default

RMAN> CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-03002: failure of configure command at 05/24/2025 12:56:01

RMAN-07536: command not allowed when connected to a Pluggable Database

RMAN>

backup pluggable database with direct connect with rman

[oracle@orcl 2025_05_21]$

[oracle@orcl 2025_05_21]$ rman target sys/sys@demo1

Recovery Manager: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Sat May 24 12:54:39 2025

Version 19.3.0.0.0

connected to target database: DB1:DEMO1 (DBID=687471135, not open)

RMAN> backup database;

Starting backup at 24-MAY-25

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=291 device type=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

input datafile file number=00017 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/demo1/sysaux01.dbf

input datafile file number=00016 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/demo1/system01.dbf

input datafile file number=00018 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/demo1/undotbs01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 24-MAY-25

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 24-MAY-25

piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DB1/33E6395D57264163E0630400040A2C41/backupset/2025_05_24/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20250524T125446_n33jdplq_.bkp tag=TAG20250524T125446 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07

Finished backup at 24-MAY-25

RMAN>

How to backup pluggable database including archivelog ?

RMAN>

RMAN> backup pluggable database demo1 plus archivelog;

Starting backup at 24-MAY-25

current log archived

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set

input archived log thread=1 sequence=17 RECID=12 STAMP=1201940579

input archived log thread=1 sequence=18 RECID=13 STAMP=1201956550

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 24-MAY-25

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 24-MAY-25

piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DB1/backupset/2025_05_24/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20250524T124910_n33j27g2_.bkp tag=TAG20250524T124910 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03

Finished backup at 24-MAY-25

Starting backup at 24-MAY-25

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

input datafile file number=00017 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/demo1/sysaux01.dbf

input datafile file number=00016 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/demo1/system01.dbf

input datafile file number=00018 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/demo1/undotbs01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 24-MAY-25

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 24-MAY-25

piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DB1/33E6395D57264163E0630400040A2C41/backupset/2025_05_24/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20250524T124914_n33j2cfq_.bkp tag=TAG20250524T124914 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15

Finished backup at 24-MAY-25

Starting backup at 24-MAY-25

current log archived

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set

input archived log thread=1 sequence=19 RECID=14 STAMP=1201956572

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 24-MAY-25

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 24-MAY-25

piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DB1/backupset/2025_05_24/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20250524T124932_n33j2x6l_.bkp tag=TAG20250524T124932 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02

Finished backup at 24-MAY-25

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 24-MAY-25

piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DB1/autobackup/2025_05_24/o1_mf_s_1201956574_n33j30tj_.bkp comment=NONE

Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 24-MAY-25

RMAN>

How delete obsolete rman backup ?

RMAN> delete obsolete ;

RMAN retention policy will be applied to the command

RMAN retention policy is set to redundancy 1

using channel ORA_DISK_1

Deleting the following obsolete backups and copies:

Type Key Completion Time Filename/Handle

-------------------- ------ ------------------ --------------------

Archive Log 1 06-MAR-25 /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DB1/archivelog/2025_03_06/o1_mf_1_6_mwm73otb_.arc

Backup Set 1 06-MAR-25

Backup Piece 1 06-MAR-25 /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DB1/autobackup/2025_03_06/o1_mf_s_1195045112_mwm6zsr4_.bkp

Archive Log 2 22-MAR-25 /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DB1/archivelog/2025_03_22/o1_mf_1_7_mxwwwloz_.arc

Archive Log 3 28-APR-25 /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DB1/archivelog/2025_04_28/o1_mf_1_8_n0y2ykq0_.arc

Archive Log 4 29-APR-25 /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DB1/archivelog/2025_04_29/o1_mf_1_9_n10thgfr_.arc

Backup Set 2 29-APR-25

Backup Piece 2 29-APR-25 /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DB1/autobackup/2025_04_29/o1_mf_s_1199689267_n10y9nxy_.bkp

Backup Set 3 29-APR-25

Backup Piece 3 29-APR-25 /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DB1/autobackup/2025_04_29/o1_mf_s_1199689871_n10ywkbc_.bkp

Archive Log 5 30-APR-25 /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DB1/archivelog/2025_04_30/o1_mf_1_10_n13lcxjj_.arc

Backup Set 4 29-APR-25

Backup Piece 4 29-APR-25 /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DB1/autobackup/2025_04_29/o1_mf_s_1199690476_n10zhg00_.bkp

Archive Log 6 01-MAY-25 /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DB1/archivelog/2025_05_01/o1_mf_1_11_n162t9hh_.arc

Archive Log 7 21-MAY-25 /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DB1/archivelog/2025_05_21/o1_mf_1_12_n2v9ht9q_.arc

Archive Log 8 21-MAY-25 /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DB1/archivelog/2025_05_21/o1_mf_1_13_n2vbzlxk_.arc

Archive Log 9 21-MAY-25 /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DB1/archivelog/2025_05_21/o1_mf_1_14_n2vbznnl_.arc

Archive Log 10 21-MAY-25 /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DB1/archivelog/2025_05_21/o1_mf_1_15_n2vbzzdo_.arc

Archive Log 11 21-MAY-25 /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DB1/archivelog/2025_05_21/o1_mf_1_16_n2vhpmo0_.arc

Backup Set 5 21-MAY-25

Backup Piece 5 21-MAY-25 /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DB1/autobackup/2025_05_21/o1_mf_s_1201689578_n2vccdph_.bkp

Backup Set 10 21-MAY-25

Backup Piece 10 21-MAY-25 /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DB1/autobackup/2025_05_21/o1_mf_s_1201695424_n2vk22pc_.bkp

Do you really want to delete the above objects (enter YES or NO)? YES

deleted archived log

archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DB1/archivelog/2025_03_06/o1_mf_1_6_mwm73otb_.arc RECID=1 STAMP=1195045240

deleted backup piece

backup piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DB1/autobackup/2025_03_06/o1_mf_s_1195045112_mwm6zsr4_.bkp RECID=1 STAMP=1195045113

deleted archived log

archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DB1/archivelog/2025_03_22/o1_mf_1_7_mxwwwloz_.arc RECID=2 STAMP=1196411027

deleted archived log

archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DB1/archivelog/2025_04_28/o1_mf_1_8_n0y2ykq0_.arc RECID=3 STAMP=1199595729

deleted archived log

archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DB1/archivelog/2025_04_29/o1_mf_1_9_n10thgfr_.arc RECID=4 STAMP=1199685359

deleted backup piece

backup piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DB1/autobackup/2025_04_29/o1_mf_s_1199689267_n10y9nxy_.bkp RECID=2 STAMP=1199689268

deleted backup piece

backup piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DB1/autobackup/2025_04_29/o1_mf_s_1199689871_n10ywkbc_.bkp RECID=3 STAMP=1199689873

deleted archived log

archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DB1/archivelog/2025_04_30/o1_mf_1_10_n13lcxjj_.arc RECID=5 STAMP=1199775359

deleted backup piece

backup piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DB1/autobackup/2025_04_29/o1_mf_s_1199690476_n10zhg00_.bkp RECID=4 STAMP=1199690477

deleted archived log

archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DB1/archivelog/2025_05_01/o1_mf_1_11_n162t9hh_.arc RECID=6 STAMP=1199944138

deleted archived log

archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DB1/archivelog/2025_05_21/o1_mf_1_12_n2v9ht9q_.arc RECID=7 STAMP=1201687679

deleted archived log

archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DB1/archivelog/2025_05_21/o1_mf_1_13_n2vbzlxk_.arc RECID=8 STAMP=1201689203

deleted archived log

archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DB1/archivelog/2025_05_21/o1_mf_1_14_n2vbznnl_.arc RECID=9 STAMP=1201689204

deleted archived log

archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DB1/archivelog/2025_05_21/o1_mf_1_15_n2vbzzdo_.arc RECID=10 STAMP=1201689215

deleted archived log

archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DB1/archivelog/2025_05_21/o1_mf_1_16_n2vhpmo0_.arc RECID=11 STAMP=1201694035

deleted backup piece

backup piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DB1/autobackup/2025_05_21/o1_mf_s_1201689578_n2vccdph_.bkp RECID=5 STAMP=1201689580

deleted backup piece

backup piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DB1/autobackup/2025_05_21/o1_mf_s_1201695424_n2vk22pc_.bkp RECID=10 STAMP=1201695426

Deleted 17 objects

RMAN>