How to backup recovery area in oracle database ?

 RMAN> backup recovery area to destination '/u01/app/oracle/'

2> ;

Starting backup at 24-MAY-25

using channel ORA_DISK_1

specification does not match any datafile copy in the repository

skipping backup set key 23; already backed up 1 time(s)

skipping backup set key 26; already backed up 1 time(s)

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set

input archived log thread=1 sequence=17 RECID=12 STAMP=1201940579

input archived log thread=1 sequence=18 RECID=13 STAMP=1201956550

input archived log thread=1 sequence=19 RECID=14 STAMP=1201956572

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 24-MAY-25

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 24-MAY-25

piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/DB1/backupset/2025_05_24/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20250524T135211_n33mrcpv_.bkp tag=TAG20250524T135211 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03

Finished backup at 24-MAY-25

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 24-MAY-25

piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DB1/autobackup/2025_05_24/o1_mf_s_1201960334_n33mrjx1_.bkp comment=NONE

Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 24-MAY-25

RMAN>

How to take incremental backup of oracle database ?

 

RMAN>  run {

2>  allocate channel "ch1" device type disk format '/u01/app/oracle/%U';

3> backup as backupset tag 'BASE01' incremental level 0 database;

4> }

released channel: ORA_DISK_1

allocated channel: ch1

channel ch1: SID=281 device type=DISK

Starting backup at 24-MAY-25

channel ch1: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set

channel ch1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DB1/system01.dbf

input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DB1/sysaux01.dbf

input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DB1/undotbs01.dbf

input datafile file number=00007 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DB1/users01.dbf

channel ch1: starting piece 1 at 24-MAY-25

channel ch1: finished piece 1 at 24-MAY-25

piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/0l3q8raq_1_1 tag=BASE01 comment=NONE

channel ch1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25

channel ch1: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set

channel ch1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

input datafile file number=00010 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DB1/pdb/sysaux01.dbf

input datafile file number=00009 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DB1/pdb/system01.dbf

input datafile file number=00011 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DB1/pdb/undotbs01.dbf

input datafile file number=00012 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DB1/pdb/users01.dbf

channel ch1: starting piece 1 at 24-MAY-25

channel ch1: finished piece 1 at 24-MAY-25

piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/0m3q8rbj_1_1 tag=BASE01 comment=NONE

channel ch1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15

channel ch1: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set

channel ch1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

input datafile file number=00017 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/demo1/sysaux01.dbf

input datafile file number=00016 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/demo1/system01.dbf

input datafile file number=00018 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/demo1/undotbs01.dbf

channel ch1: starting piece 1 at 24-MAY-25

channel ch1: finished piece 1 at 24-MAY-25

piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/0n3q8rc2_1_1 tag=BASE01 comment=NONE

channel ch1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07

channel ch1: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set

channel ch1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

input datafile file number=00006 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DB1/pdbseed/sysaux01.dbf

input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DB1/pdbseed/system01.dbf

input datafile file number=00008 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DB1/pdbseed/undotbs01.dbf

channel ch1: starting piece 1 at 24-MAY-25

channel ch1: finished piece 1 at 24-MAY-25

piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/0o3q8rca_1_1 tag=BASE01 comment=NONE

channel ch1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15

Finished backup at 24-MAY-25

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 24-MAY-25

piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DB1/autobackup/2025_05_24/o1_mf_s_1201958297_n33krv6v_.bkp comment=NONE

Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 24-MAY-25

released channel: ch1

RMAN>

===============

RMAN>

RMAN> run {

2> allocate channel "ch1" device type disk format '/u01/app/oracle/%U';

3> backup tag 'incrementallv1' incremental level 1 database ;

4> }

allocated channel: ch1

channel ch1: SID=281 device type=DISK

Starting backup at 24-MAY-25

channel ch1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set

channel ch1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DB1/system01.dbf

input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DB1/sysaux01.dbf

input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DB1/undotbs01.dbf

input datafile file number=00007 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DB1/users01.dbf

channel ch1: starting piece 1 at 24-MAY-25

channel ch1: finished piece 1 at 24-MAY-25

piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/0q3q8rhm_1_1 tag=INCREMENTALLV1 comment=NONE

channel ch1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03

channel ch1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set

channel ch1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

input datafile file number=00010 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DB1/pdb/sysaux01.dbf

skipping datafile 00010 because it has not changed

input datafile file number=00009 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DB1/pdb/system01.dbf

skipping datafile 00009 because it has not changed

input datafile file number=00011 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DB1/pdb/undotbs01.dbf

skipping datafile 00011 because it has not changed

input datafile file number=00012 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DB1/pdb/users01.dbf

skipping datafile 00012 because it has not changed

channel ch1: backup cancelled because all files were skipped

channel ch1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set

channel ch1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

input datafile file number=00017 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/demo1/sysaux01.dbf

input datafile file number=00016 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/demo1/system01.dbf

input datafile file number=00018 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/demo1/undotbs01.dbf

channel ch1: starting piece 1 at 24-MAY-25

channel ch1: finished piece 1 at 24-MAY-25

piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/0s3q8rhq_1_1 tag=INCREMENTALLV1 comment=NONE

channel ch1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

channel ch1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set

channel ch1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

input datafile file number=00006 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DB1/pdbseed/sysaux01.dbf

skipping datafile 00006 because it has not changed

input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DB1/pdbseed/system01.dbf

skipping datafile 00005 because it has not changed

input datafile file number=00008 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DB1/pdbseed/undotbs01.dbf

skipping datafile 00008 because it has not changed

channel ch1: backup cancelled because all files were skipped

Finished backup at 24-MAY-25

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 24-MAY-25

piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DB1/autobackup/2025_05_24/o1_mf_s_1201958459_n33kxxp9_.bkp comment=NONE

Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 24-MAY-25

released channel: ch1

RMAN>

How to check and open pluggable database ?

 SQL>

SQL> show pdbs

    CON_ID CON_NAME                       OPEN MODE  RESTRICTED

---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------

         2 PDB$SEED                       READ ONLY  NO

         3 PDB                            MOUNTED

         4 DEMO1                          MOUNTED

SQL> alter pluggable database demo1 open read write ;

Pluggable database altered.

SQL> show pdbs

    CON_ID CON_NAME                       OPEN MODE  RESTRICTED

---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------

         2 PDB$SEED                       READ ONLY  NO

         3 PDB                            MOUNTED

         4 DEMO1                          READ WRITE NO

SQL>

How to enable block change tracking in oracle database ?

 [oracle@orcl 2025_05_21]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Sat May 24 13:01:35 2025

Version 19.3.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production

Version 19.3.0.0.0

SQL>

SQL>

SQL> SELECT status, filename FROM v$block_change_tracking;

STATUS     FILENAME

---------- ------------------------------

DISABLED

SQL>

SQL>

SQL> select filename form v$datafile;

select filename form v$datafile

                     *

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-00923: FROM keyword not found where expected

SQL> select name from v$datafile;

NAME

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DB1/system01.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DB1/sysaux01.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/demo1/undotbs01.dbf

14 rows selected.

SQL> alter database enable block change tracking using file '/u01/app/oracle/block_change_tracking.f';

Database altered.

SQL> select * from v$block_change_tracking ;

STATUS     FILENAME                            BYTES     CON_ID

---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------

ENABLED    /u01/app/oracle/block_change_t   11599872          1

           racking.f

SQL>